Sometimes a book comes along which... well, you know. I won't say that James Warren's Compassion Or Apocalypse?: A comprehensible guide to the thought of Rene Girard has changed my life, but if I hadn't been grappling with Girard's astonishing gospel revelations for the past decade or more, then reading about them here for the first time might have had that effect. It has certainly been the best 'introductory' read I've yet had on the subject. Gripping stuff. And I commend it to you, highly.
Girard's thought is 'difficult' to grasp not because it's knotty theoretical, detached, stuffily academic, but because he is dealing with the question of who we are at the most foundational level, and describing those aspects of us which are so fundamental to who we are, that we usually don't notice them, human characteristics so obvious that we can't see them. Warren has done a very good job in providing clear discussion and some extremely memorable images, to help us. For instance, I thrilled to read his comparison of the violent sacrificial God (the God of of ancient myths and the Old Testament, whose home is in the bloodstained temple) to a nuclear reactor - overwhelmingly powerful, a power for good if attended to faithfully, carefully, in great detail, hour by hour, otherwise liable to explode with catastrophic effects.
We are driven by our desires, which mimic the desires of others. Just as society looks set to implode with the violent energy of all these conflicting desires, all is resolved when a victim is sacrificed. Ancient cultures were based on a 'founding murder' which segued into a sacrificial system, in which it is understood that it is always better that one person should die, to maintain the stability of the whole. This system sustained human culture, because it was hidden from view, until Jesus came along - Jesus, whose crucifixion revealed the sacrificial system for the first time; Jesus, whose resurrection as the crucified victim (scarred hands and feet on view) announced the end of the sacrificial system and the breaking-in of the power of self-giving love.
'Father, forgive them, they know not what they do,' he said on the cross. Since he rose again, humankind increasingly got the message - we now do know what we do, scapegoating innocents, creating victims. Without recourse to the divinely-discredited old forms of sacrifice we are torn now between being knowingly driven by our mimetic desires, understanding the rivalrous violence they cause but upholding all that as 'the way things are' (which is the position taken by 'Sacrificial Christianity', the Christianity of Empire, any form of Christianity which upholds a wrathful God), and on the other hand, allowing our desires to mirror the desires of the God of Jesus - who is not in rivalry with anyone, never in violent conflict, only in self-giving love. And because of that tension, we are in crisis.
Warren (following Girard) tells us that of all people Friedrich Nietzsche understood this better than anyone, and put the whole gospel into one memorable phrase: 'Christianity wants it established that no one should be sacrificed.' What we do with that revelation, where we go with that, absolutely determines our future.
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